Sri Lankan cinnamon – By eLanka
Sri Lankan cinnamon, known as Ceylon cinnamon, has a rich and storied history that dates back thousands of years. Here are some key points in the history of Sri Lankan cinnamon:
Ancient and Medieval Periods
- Ancient Trade: Ceylon cinnamon has been a prized commodity since antiquity. It was known to traders from Egypt, China, and Arabia. The ancient Egyptians used cinnamon in their embalming process and as a flavoring in food and drink. It was also highly valued in Roman and Greek cultures.
- Arab Traders: For centuries, Arab traders controlled the cinnamon trade, keeping the true source of cinnamon a closely guarded secret from European markets. They transported it via long overland routes to the Mediterranean, where it was distributed throughout Europe.
Colonial Era
- Portuguese Era (1505-1658): The Portuguese arrived in Sri Lanka in the early 16th century. They quickly recognized the value of cinnamon and established a monopoly over its trade. The Portuguese enforced strict control over the cinnamon plantations and trade, often employing brutal methods to maintain their hold.
- Dutch Period (1658-1796): The Dutch East India Company (VOC) seized control of Sri Lanka from the Portuguese in 1658. The Dutch further developed the cinnamon industry, organizing plantations and enhancing cultivation techniques. They also expanded cinnamon’s global market.
- British Rule (1796-1948): The British took control of Sri Lanka in 1796. They continued to cultivate and export cinnamon but also diversified the island’s economy by introducing tea, rubber, and coffee plantations. During British rule, Ceylon cinnamon remained a significant export product.
Modern Era
- Post-Independence (1948-Present): After gaining independence in 1948, Sri Lanka continued to produce high-quality cinnamon. Today, Sri Lanka is the largest producer and exporter of Ceylon cinnamon, known scientifically as Cinnamomum verum. The country’s cinnamon industry remains a crucial part of its economy, employing thousands of people and contributing significantly to its export revenue.
Cultural and Economic Impact
- Cultural Significance: Cinnamon holds a place of cultural importance in Sri Lanka, often used in traditional medicines, culinary practices, and rituals. It is celebrated for its health benefits and aromatic properties.
- Economic Importance: Sri Lanka’s cinnamon industry supports a large number of smallholder farmers. The global demand for Ceylon cinnamon, known for its delicate flavor and health benefits, continues to grow, ensuring its ongoing economic relevance.
Unique Characteristics
- Quality and Flavor: Ceylon cinnamon is distinguished from other varieties (such as Cassia cinnamon) by its lighter, sweeter flavor and superior quality. It contains lower levels of coumarin, a compound that can be harmful in large doses, making it a healthier option.
- Cultivation Practices: The traditional methods of harvesting and processing cinnamon in Sri Lanka, passed down through generations, contribute to its high quality. The inner bark of the cinnamon tree is carefully peeled and dried into quills, a process that requires skill and expertise.
Sri Lankan cinnamon’s history is intertwined with the island’s colonial past, economic development, and cultural heritage. Its journey from ancient trade routes to modern global markets highlights the enduring appeal and significance of this prized spice.
The benefits of cinnamon to Sri Lanka’s economy
Cinnamon, particularly Ceylon cinnamon, plays a crucial role in Sri Lanka’s economy. Here are the key benefits:
1. Export Revenue
- Major Export Commodity: Cinnamon is one of Sri Lanka’s top agricultural exports. The country is the largest producer and exporter of Ceylon cinnamon, commanding a significant share of the global market.
- Foreign Exchange Earnings: The export of cinnamon generates substantial foreign exchange earnings, which are vital for the national economy. This helps in balancing trade deficits and strengthening the country’s currency.
2. Employment Opportunities
- Rural Employment: Cinnamon cultivation and processing provide employment to thousands of people, especially in rural areas. This includes jobs in farming, harvesting, processing, packaging, and exporting.
- Skilled Labor: The traditional methods of peeling and processing cinnamon require skilled labor, providing specialized employment opportunities that help sustain local traditions and expertise.
3. Economic Diversification
- Agricultural Diversity: While tea is often seen as the dominant agricultural export, cinnamon provides diversification. This reduces economic dependency on a single crop and spreads risk.
- Value Addition: The production of value-added cinnamon products (such as cinnamon oil, powder, and extracts) further diversifies the agricultural sector and enhances economic resilience.
4. Regional Development
- Infrastructure Development: The demand for cinnamon has led to improved infrastructure in cinnamon-growing regions, including better roads, storage facilities, and processing plants.
- Investment in Agriculture: Both government and private sector investments in cinnamon cultivation and processing have spurred regional development and improved living standards.
5. Global Market Position
- Branding and Recognition: Sri Lanka’s global reputation for high-quality Ceylon cinnamon enhances its brand value. This unique positioning helps in commanding premium prices in international markets.
- Market Leadership: Maintaining a leading position in the global cinnamon market fosters national pride and economic confidence.
6. Tourism and Cultural Identity
- Agro-Tourism: Cinnamon plantations have become attractions for tourists interested in agro-tourism, providing additional income streams and promoting cultural heritage.
- Cultural Significance: Cinnamon is an integral part of Sri Lankan culture, used in traditional medicine, cuisine, and rituals. Promoting this cultural heritage can enhance tourism and cultural exchanges.
7. Research and Development
- Agricultural Research: The importance of cinnamon has led to investments in agricultural research to improve yields, disease resistance, and processing methods, benefiting the broader agricultural sector.
- Innovation: Research into new uses and health benefits of cinnamon (e.g., medicinal and nutritional properties) can open up new markets and applications, driving innovation and economic growth.
8. Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Sustainable Farming Practices: Cinnamon cultivation in Sri Lanka often involves sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices. This helps in preserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable agriculture.
- Carbon Sequestration: Cinnamon trees contribute to carbon sequestration, playing a small but positive role in climate change mitigation efforts.
Cinnamon is more than just a spice for Sri Lanka; it is a vital component of the nation’s economic fabric. From generating significant export revenue and providing employment to fostering regional development and enhancing global market presence, cinnamon contributes multifaceted benefits to Sri Lanka’s economy. Its importance underscores the need for continued investment and innovation in this valuable agricultural sector.
